| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 67
| Issue : 8 | Page : 206--211 |
An overview of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)
Thomas H Mader1, C Robert Gibson2, Neil R Miller3, Prem S Subramanian4, Nimesh B Patel5, Andrew G Lee6
1 COL (R) US Army, Moab, Utah; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, New York, USA
2 Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, New York, USA
3 Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
4 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
5 Department of Vision Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
6 Blanton Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York; Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) and the BCM Center for Space Medicine, Houston, Texas, and University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston; Texas A and M College of Medicine (College Station, Texas), UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (Iowa City Iowa), and the University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Thomas H Mader
3509 Red Rock Drive, Moab, Utah 84532
USA
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.259126
Over the last decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Space Medicine Division has documented a variety of unusual physiological and pathological neuro-ophthalmic findings in astronauts during and following long duration space flight. These ndings include optic disc swelling, globe flattening, choroidal folds, and hyperopic shifts in refraction. Cephalad fluid shift has been proposed as a possible unifying etiology, but the specific mechanism responsible for these changes remains obscure. This manuscript reviews the history, clinical findings, and potential neurophysiological etiologies for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.
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